How to Study the Party Systems in the Plural Societies

Abstract

The study of party systems in various societies is a complex task that goes beyond a simple numerical classification based on the number of parties represented in parliament. Instead, it requires a nuanced understanding of the competitive dynamics between political parties, including factors such as polarization, fragmentation, and the mechanisms of party competition. This includes determining whether the competition is driven by centripetal or centrifugal forces. Additionally, the relative size and strength of political parties are not solely quantitative measures, but also depend on their ability to form coalitions and negotiate for power. In this paper, we aim to explore the key determinants that shape party systems in diverse societies, taking into account their lack of social homogeneity. By examining these factors, we can gain a deeper understanding of how party systems emerge and operate in different contexts, and how they shape the political landscape of various societies.