https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/10305 2026-04-19T04:02:04Z https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/40022 Titre: The Degree of Technology Implemented in the Learning Process in Primary Schools from Teachers’ Perspectives Auteur(s): أسماء سمير قرينا وي; عمار يوسف الوحيدي Résumé: The study aimed to identify the degree to which technology is implemented in the learning process in primary schools in Nablus Governorate from the teachers’ perspectives. To achieve this objective, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and developed a questionnaire consisting of 30 items divided into two main domains: the degree of technology implementation in the learning process in primary schools in Nablus Governorate, and the obstacles hindering the application of technology from the teachers’ point of view. The questionnaire was administered to a purposive sample of 48 male and female teachers from both public and private primary schools in Nablus Governorate. The findings revealed that the level of technology implementation in the learning process was high, with a mean score of 3.85. No statistically significant differences were found in the degree of technology implementation attributable to the variables of age, gender, or academic qualification at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05). However, the results indicated statistically significant differences according to years of teaching experience. Moreover, the study showed that the overall mean of the obstacles to technology implementation reached 3.57, which is considered relatively high, indicating the presence of several challenges in this regard. No statistically significant differences were found in the obstacles to technology implementation based on age, gender, academic qualification, or years of experience at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05). Description: 2335-125X 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/40020 Titre: Alienation Revisited: A Critical Analysis of Karl Marx’s Early Writings Auteur(s): Majd Hamsho; Hanaa HARFOUSH Résumé: This study explores Karl Marx's concept of alienation, a key theme in philosophy and social sciences due to its relevance to human conditions under capitalism. It critically analyzes how capitalist systems cause workers to become alienated—from the products they create, the production process, their own humanity, and fellow humans. The analysis focuses on factors that reinforce alienation, such as private property, political economy, and the division of labor. The study also examines Marx’s proposed solution: the abolition of private property and the establishment of a communist society as a means to overcome alienation. Additionally, it addresses key criticisms of Marx’s theory, including its focus on the working class to the exclusion of other dimensions of alienation, such as existential or spiritual aspects. Despite these critiques, the study concludes that Marx’s theory remains a compelling framework for understanding alienation and human suffering in contemporary capitalist societies. Description: الذاكرة 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/40019 Titre: الفن وفلسفة الواقع قراءة في رواية السيوف السلطانية لمحمد العون Auteur(s): دسوقي إبراهيم Résumé: It is cognitively stable that the art has a crucial role to understand the reality and know its facts, from this point of view this study emerges, which discuss the role of Arabic novel in understanding the Egyptian reality in advanced time era. This stage is Mumluk rule of Egypt.Whoever meditates in the blog of the Egyptian novelist Mohamed El Awn (Royal swords), he realizes that it's dramatic work for Egyptian life especially, political of it during the Mamluk rule of Egypt. This novel addresses more than one component of components of the Egyptians, political component which is a ruling class. This class which consists of several components; Ruler, Princes and soidiers. Then, There are other components and various slides, the slide of scientists, judges, traders, shop owners and general people…..etc…. The novel almost melts all these slides in its drama and gives it an artistic character, that takes it out of its ordinary familiar reality to a distinctive creative reality. All this are through the creator's possession of creative energies; of language, feelings and artistic techniques, that makes the reader of the novel as if he is one of the eyewitnesses to the events of Egyptian reality in this deep time. When the novel was very rich, the researcher decided to gather this approachafter the introduction- in three sections; the first section: the semiology of the title , as the title is considered the first threshold in approaching literary texts, and through it the critic can understand the aims of the work, just as the recipient can understand the approach which presented by the critic. The second section: the narrative structure and issues of reality. Whoever meditates the events of the novel, he realizes that it solved issues of Egyptian reality at this time, through a major primary issue, represented by ( The seat of power), small subsidiary issues emerged, such as corruption, the attitude of the people and the social situation…etc.. The third section: Narrative structure and artistic techniques. This section is considered the backbone of this approach, as it contains many arrtistic techniqcal elements such as dialogue, whether external or internal, characters, primary and secondary, description and the language of paradox, flash back, time and place and finally language. Description: الذاكرة 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-ouargla.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/40018 Titre: Training needs of kindergarten directors in light of digital leadership, and obstacles to its implementation from their perspective () Auteur(s): سوسن جابر عباس Résumé: The research aimed to determine the degree of training needs of female directors of private kindergartens in light of digital leadership, and the obstacles to its implementation from their perspectives. The researcher relied on a descriptive approach and designed a questionnaire consisting of two axes. The first axis included (25) items, while the second axis included (18) items. The research sample consisted of (62) female directors of private kindergartens in the city of Lattakia. The following results were reached: 1. The degree of training needs of female directors of kindergartens in light of digital leadership was moderate. 2. Human obstacles to implementing digital leadership in kindergartens ranked first, followed by administrative obstacles, then technical obstacles. 3. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of female managers in identifying their training needs and their average ratings on the implementation obstacles axis, attributable to the variable of academic qualification. With the exception of administrative obstacles, there are differences in favor of those with a teaching qualification diploma. 3. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of female managers in identifying their training needs and their average ratings on the implementation obstacles axis, attributable to the variable of years of administrative experience. Description: الذاكرة 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z