APPROCHE ENTOMOFAUNISTIQUE DANS TROIS MILIEUX AGRICOLES A HASSI BEN ABDELLAH (OUARGLA)

Abstract

The diversity of insect fauna was studied in three agricultural areas in the valley of Ouargla (34 ° 54 'N, 5 ° 20' E). Indeed, in the agro-ecosystem of Hassi Ben Abdellah (31 ° 59 ' N. 5 ° 26 'E.), the medium grain, vegetable and phoenicicol are chosen for the development of this study. The method is that Barber pots that captures the greatest number of arthropod individuals in both species. In the three agricultural environments, the class of Insecta is clearly dominant both in the middle grain (99.9%> 2 xm, m = 33.3%), at the vegetable (94.5%> 2 xm; m = 20%) and in the middle phoenicicol (87.5%> 2 xm, m = 16.7%). Similarly, many individuals and species, is of the order Hymenoptera, which dominates both under pivot with 97.0% (> 2 xm, m = 16.7%) in a greenhouse with a rate of 81.0% (> 2 xm, m = 16.7%), with date palms at the level of 68.1% (> 2 xm, m = 14.3%). In second position, the order of Coleoptera occurs weakly in the three study circles, or 2.8% under pivot, 8.3% and 9.9% in greenhouses under palm. For other orders, they are very poorly represented such as Diptera (4.9%) at the date palms and Homoptera (0.1%) in the field of cereal. Within the Hymenoptera we note that the largest family of the Formicidae is provided in cereals (97.0%), at the vegetable (80.5%) and under palms (68.1%). The use of ecological indices was used to characterize populations of arthropods. The diversity index and equitability showed that settlement of the area of study is in equilibrium. Finally, the results show that the composition and structure of the insect fauna depend on the vegetation structure of the environment on the one hand and species behavior vis-à-vis changes in that environment on the other. So the stand of the arthropod ecological indicator is the most representative of the state of the environment.