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Tidjani, Ilhem 1

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TIMECHBACHE Mohamed Lakhdar 1

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TIR C., BENSAID R., MADANI D., FELLAH S. ,ZABOUBI S. 1

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To study the bio-ecology of the Apate monachus (Coleoptera – Bostrychidae) in the palm groves (six zones) of the Souf region, we examined various factors relevant to this insect (presence of Apate monachus in all studied palm groves; analysis of infestation rates in the palm groves of the six studied zones according to several parameters; monitoring of the insect's life cycle in its environment) with a beetle inventory conducted over a five-year period. This study aims to assess the incidence of Apate monachus infestations according to the cultivar and age of the date palms. Observations were carried out through direct field inspections, at least once or twice a week, to collect comprehensive data. The study was conducted from November 2016 to November 2021. Across the different study areas, a total of 91 beetle species belonging to 26 families were sampled. The Carabidae family (S = 15 species) was the most species-rich, followed by the Tenebrionidae (S = 13 species). The Coccinellidae, Scarabidae, and Staphylinidae families came in third with 6 species each, followed by the Anthicidae family with 5 species. Among the species, Cicindella flexuosa was the most frequent, with 4,856 individuals. It was followed by Ptinus sp. (1,308 individuals), Harpalus sp. (836 individuals), Tenebrionidae sp. 2 ind. (717 individuals), and Anthicus sp. 1 (702 individuals). At station 2, a large number of beetle species (83 species) were collected using two sampling methods (Barber jars and yellow traps). The Barber jar method yielded the most species, with 79 species recorded, while the yellow trap technique recorded 23 beetle species. The latter method is effective for capturing the monk beetle (Apate monachus), which is found in zones 1, 2, and 3 and also in zone 4. A study of some aspects of the bioecology of the monk beetle showed that the symptoms of infestations are more severe during the summer months when adults attack the green fronds, creating galleries in which they feed and mate. This results in the fronds drying out and breaking at the point of penetration. It becomes an ideal environment for the development of bark beetle and scolytid larvae. They can attack up to 18 fronds per palm. The infestation rate varies depending on several factors, such as the cultivar, the age of the palm, its location, and the type of fronds. The overall infestation rate is 17.50%, particularly on the Ghars cultivar, where it reaches 70.16%, and on the Degla-Beida cultivar, where it can reach 67.1%; and with a low infestation rate of 6.93% on the Deglet-Nour cultivar. The Apate monachus life cycle fluctuates between 6 and 7 months and includes 4 larval stages, a pupal stage, and an adult stage. The emergence of the adults begins in the last week of May and can last until the end of October. Apate monachus has only one generation per year 1

toaiba, afaf 1

TOBCHI Fatima 1

TOBCHI, ABIR 2

TOBCHI, Mebarka 1

TOBCHI, MOHAMED 1

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