APPORT DES SIG À L'ÉTUDE DE LA DYNAMIQUE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE DE L’AGROSYSTÈMED'UNE GRANDE EXPLOITATION CONDUITE EN MILIEU SEMI-ARIDE (TUNISIE)

Abstract

The study of the spatial and temporal organization of cultures within an agricultural landscape has various environmental impacts, and the organization of the mosaic of cultures can be a lever of action at the landscape level to manage different environmental issues. However, the use of new technologies, namely GIS, is an effective tool for data processing and spatial analysis. It is for this purpose that this work has been proposed, in order to characterize the spatial organization of the agricultural production system and its temporal dynamics between 2011 and 2017 of a large exploitation conducted in semi-arid coastal Tunisia. The mapping of land use in the study area made it possible to locate the two major production orientations: field crops; multi-crop-cattle-sheep farming and to determine the diversity of the spatial distribution of different types of land use. 843.93 ha located on the north side are occupied by olive, almond and rangelands with 51.67 ha of greenhouse crops. The crops on the south side are marked by a larger variation in the spatial distribution of crops. In addition, the spatial analysis of some evaluation criteria of the cropping system adopted has highlighted the presence of a risk of salinity of the irrigation water which can affect crop yields. As for the farming system, the result of the analysis showed that, despite the fact that this farm ensures food security, the performance of the breeding system remains insufficient and this amounts to the failure of the operation, following, among other things, hygiene not in accordance with standards.