IMPACTS DE LA VARIABILITÉ SPATIALE DE L’OCCUPATION DES SOLS SUR L’ÉROSION ÉOLIENNE ET LES TRANSPORTS DE NUTRIMENTS DANS LE TERROIR DE BANIZOUMBOU (SUD-OUEST DU NIGER)

Abstract

Wind erosion makes soils and nutrients losses in the Sahel. At south Niger, wind erosion is the main factor of the environmental degradation. The landscape of this area is a juxtaposition of field and follow of different age. This work aimed to quantify wind erosion fluxes and nutrient transfer in relation of soil usage during an entire season. Thus it appeared that wind erosion had an important role in the soil fertility restauration of the old follow (Pi). This follow emitted respectively near of 7 and 3 times less of flux than field (Pc) and youth follow (Pj). Besides, the amount of exchangeable bases on the old follow (2,669 Mèq/100g) was superior to on field (2,085 Mèq/100g) and youth follow (2 Mèq/100g). This is particularly linked to the trapping of particles and exchangeable bases transported since the surfaces more sensible to wind erosion (field and youth follow) by the vegetation cover of the old follow.