Vulnérabilité et risque de pollution des eaux de la nappe alluviale de la région de Tébessa

Abstract

This work was carried out in a semi-arid zone and concerns the alluvial aquifer of Tebessa (extreme northeastern Algeria). It is a reliable source of drinking water for nearly 120,000 inhabitants. At present, it is very threatened by many pollution foci in particular, discharges of domestic water and small industries which are discharged into the aquifer without prior treatment and without any measure of protection of the environment and resources. water. In this work we consider the problem of mapping the vulnerability and risks of groundwater pollution using GIS (Geographic Information System). The development of such maps requires the manipulation, analysis, processing of a large amount of data and generating new layers of information in the form of thematic maps. Geographic Information Systems are the best tool to answer this type of problem and to overcome the difficulties of crossing the different thematic maps and their update. The mapping of the vulnerability of the groundwater aquifer of the Tébessa Plain using the DRASTIC method and the geographic information system (GIS) reveals a very low vulnerability to pollution trend (11.80 %), low (49.86%), average (25.58%) to high (12.76%), which allows us to say that this groundwater is threatened locally, by the infiltration of pollutants from the ground surface of the center of the basin.