Watermarking security in IWT transform domain

Abstract

Due to advancements in technologies for transmitting information via multimedia and the Internet, unauthorized access and copying of this information have become possible, resulting in breaches of digital media security. Consequently, it has become essential to watermark medical images. The watermarking process, however, must be executed with care to ensure that confidential patient information in the image can be fully recovered without error after decompression. Despite the significance of watermarking, no method currently meets all its requirements. This study aims to provide a comprehensive survey of various methods, including integer wavelet transform (IWT) with singular value decomposition (SVD) and spread spectrum. The efficiency of these methods was assessed by calculating peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values, the normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM), along with testing the watermark's resilience to various attacks.