آليات تحليل الخطاب في تفسير أضواء البيان للشنقيطي تحديد المفاهيم النظرية

Abstract

The mechanisms of discourse analyses in Adhwa'a albayan exegesis, of Shanqeeti Determination of theorical notions What we have here is one of discourse analysis subjects, it doesn't concern the discourse on the whole, but a special type of it, exegesis discourse, given the scientificity that paint its connotative aspect, the fact it is another reading of holy Quran, the multiplicity of readers and considering that its meaning are derived from a linguistic coherent set, which is the Quran, extensive in time and place . Unlike the sayings about the Quran, which are sum, just one of many reading classes . (Ulemas) and theologists (Fouqahaa) are unanimous that this text Quran is fit for every time and every place, it's an endless source of meanings and aims . Many researchers and Ulimas attempted to translate its meanings but their essays couldn't reach its bottoms, what it holds and hides for those who seek; search and probe; meditation . from this angle, introspective studies were many, trying to get along with rame of it; reading identifying its power; exegeses vulgarizing it to understanding; saying were profuse about it; the most important was the exegesis since it was the effective way seeking one of its endless meaning . From this standpoint, we dealt with Adhwa'a-albayan exegesis of Shanqeeti by analysis and exploring, looking for (seeking, thereby) the mechanisms used by him to clear the aimed meaning, in order to determine, hereafter the global theorical concepts from this application "corpus" which is the exegesis . Many reasons motivated us to choose this subject since every (subject) has its root reasons, and if it doesn't stem due to reasons, it is then out of human needs, the ours were among others : - The explanation discourse is among the subjects that from a fertile corpus lacking research that focuses on its mechanisms and procedures, and works which dealt with this aspect, were in terms of theology and jurisprudence (Fiqh) . 227 - Linguistic scan alone, as mechanisms became not enough to clear up meanings and aims in the Quranic discourse by the exegesis discourse there is a desperate need to newly (renovated) concepts from contemporary methods and strategies, either occidental; with adaptable input with Islamic Arab patrimony, or original extracted from our own legacy . - The delimitation of the theorical concepts through exegesis discourse can provide the searcher with special theorical concepts that he may need later in discourse analyzing . - We also want to uncover scientific traditions of interpretation, because it is a lesson scientifically, through a sample Adhwa'aalbayan exegesis . The subject issues problematic are an endless sequence of questions, and probably among the most important we can mention the following : - " What are the theorical mechanisms Shanqeeti had used in his exegesis Adhwa'a-albayan?" To answer this question, we should before answer these questions : - "What is a discourse ? Is there one definition of discourse?" - "What is an explanation ? Does it follow discourse in terms of multiplicity ? what is relation between the two?" - "What is the structure of explanation discourse? What is its inner context? Which linguistic process arrangements must be used to analyze it?" - "What are the mechanisms of discourse analysis and what are the external context processes? Where are the coherence and cohesion areas?" These are problematic and theorical questions, when answered them in order we got a plan that may be the following : A- stylistic and structural context mechanisms. We assessed the following details :  Simplifying context : simple phonetic context – morphological context – lexical context .  Composing context : composed phonetic context – grammatical context – rhetoric and stylistic context and Quran reciting ways (quiraàt) . B- Semantic context mechanisms : its includes : a polysemies, the context of the contrast, context of juxtaposition semantic, context of inclusion, referral context, overall in the context of the Quran, the context of the weighting, the allocation Commons in the Quran, the context of proportionality. C- The mechanisms of pragmatic : We assessed the following details : the presupposing, the implicits, verbal acts, the context of arguments, and there are mechanisms related to Quran sciences like : context of causes of downcoming (revelation), context of Mecca and Medina sourats, and the context of the Quranic miracles, context of out Quran examples, context doctrines . 228 The research brought us a mean result that consists of remarques we reached without pretending them to be perfect, albeit we consider it as research that sought the best, if it got the target it will be recompensed . Through the data and the hypotheses which were our standpoint in the beginning of this research, and through the theorical imagination in the first chapter, and through what we analyzed in the second one we had the following results : - Shanqeeti dealt with Quranic verses meaning by using phonetic mechanisms like : stress, changing omission affirming, liaison by proceeding to this, he made it clear the discourse analysis can never be sought without textual linguistic mechanisms since it is an important piece in determining the first meaning, and then a step to ultra textual approaches. It is a basis. - He used what is of composing :composed phonetic context, grammatical context, it is known that phonetic context appears clear the most in the rhythmic structures of poetry since its aspects are systematic and sequenced he detailed in presenting the mechanisms and grammatical concepts in his analysis, thing that made it structural. - Rhetoric issues are profuse. He mentioned comparison with its kinds, metaphor, and some of the rhetorical aspects of (Iltifat), because grammar may assess some issues in terms of grammatical function following the class rule as exchange between sentence units, but unlike that rhetoric deal with it in terms of its aim as importance, there for Shanqeeti ought to deal with this issues. He doesn't deny figuration completely and calls the figuration that affirms variety (real meanings) an Arabic style. It is remarquable that the stylistic orientation served the meaning well. Repetition of articulated letters is a proof of Quran inimitability that of phrasal additive composition aims at confirmation, and that of example citing, since it among the functional procedures to bring meanings closer. Quran different reciting (quiraàt) are very important in meaning exact delimitation. These are the ways, the messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) approved, intending by this variety in reading, ease and facility. Recitations stem from old Arabic accents and pitches, he used these quiraàt as an approved readings of it . - When we try to classify speech contexts in what is semantic ,we will find lot of them lying beneath interpretation content. This is due to Quranic orientations which are guiding signs to meaning and aims, through formulating a set of concepts, that may help in reading among the lines of discourse and extracting it. And among lot we cite :antinomy, inflection, semantic chiasmus, inclusion, implication, reference synopsis (synopticity), weighting, specification, congeries. - He used external context mechanisms, presupposing, dissimulated aims, speech acts, dialectics, out Quran examples, Quran by Quran approaching . 229 He used, then, in what is known in the circle of Quran studies "situation context" : causes of downcoming (revelation), Mecca and Medina sourats, what way the tenant context being in, and what aims we can reach through Quran inimitability; intrinsic to it, absolutely alone . This is, in short, what our research aimed at, through approaching and targeting, If we got that aim, it's Allah backed guidance, if we missed it, then it's due to lack in human .