PROPOSITION D’UN NOUVEL OUTIL DE DIAGNOSTIC DE L’OASIS A PALMIERS DATTIERS AU MAGHREB : LA GRILLE D’EVALUATION DE LA DURABILITE DE L’AGROSYSTEME OASIEN ET DE LA BIODIVERSITE AVIFAUNISTIQUE

Abstract

The enduring development of the oasis agronomical system has to be done so as to get a highly developing fertility of palm groves and improvement of the resilience ability of the ecosystem. In order to do this, a very accurate diagnosis has to be carried out. It is based on evaluation grids of the biodiversity which require taking into account various factors: agro-ecological, sociological and economic. This is the point of the present announcement in order to offer a tool to help make the decision to set up a preservation, restoration and maintenance program of biodiversity. This diagnosis will make it possible to assess the frailties of the agricultural system and the possible future improvements to be made. Avifauna biodiversity evaluation grids are proposed so as to improve the diagnosis about agricultural activities and their consequences, within the palm grove. Avifauna has been chosen because it is what best shows the state of the ecological balance. The design and development of this tool rely on the protection of natural resources and socio-economic values, which characterize long-lasting agriculture. These grids consist in quantifying the various components of the oasis agricultural system by giving them a numbered mark, especially for the ornithological population. To do so, an update of the situation of oasis avifauna through an ecological survey will be all the more interesting as it will provide a reliable diagnosis. Thus, concerning the scale of agro-ecological durability, the following components are taken into account: biodiversity, organization of space and agricultural methods. Each component includes a number of biological pointers having to do with avifauna. Regarding the scale of socio-territorial durability, three components are also taken into account: the quality of products and soils, jobs and services, ethics and human development. Concerning the level of economic durability, four components are considered: viability, autonomy, transmission and efficiency. Decisions will be made depending on the present diagnosis.