SYSTÈMES DE PRODUCTION CAMELINS AU SAHARA ALGÉRIEN: CAS DE LA RÉGION DE OUARGLA

Abstract

The present study conducted with 157 camel breeders, allowed us to reveal the coexistence of 3 types of camel breeders in the region of Ouargla, according to their dwelling modes, namely : nomads (8.91%), (77.07%) transhumant and sedentary camel breeders (14.01%). While according to the motivation of the breeding, we have divided them into 3 categories: the calf-feeder camel breeders (82%), the calf-feeder-camel riders (13%) and camel riders (5%). The survival of herds camels depends exclusively on the free forage offer by desertic areas, food supplementation is occasional and random, it depends on the financial situation of camel breeders and camel riders. In the region of Ouargla, despite a few attempts of implantation of small dairies doomed to failure, butchery is the main outlet for the dromedary, meat of young camels (hachi and makhloul) is the only product widely marketed. Old camel breeders of the region cares about seeing the activity of camel breeding disappear, due to drought and because the young descents are less inclined to follow their parents and take care of this breeding. These factors seems to advence the transhumant system, which is stands out in recent decades as being an inescapable choice for the activity of camel breeding, and seems the only camel breeding system that will remain stable in the region of Ouargla