الطائفية وإشكالية بناء الدولة الوطنية :العراق ولبنان ( دراسة مقارنة )

Abstract

ملخص الأطروحة: تعتبر الإدارة الصحية الكفؤة مهمة في كل مستوى من مستويات النظام الصحي من أجل تحسين الخدمات الصحية، ومن ثم الوضعية الصحية للسكان، حيث تنطوي على عمليات تقنية واجتماعية لتحقيق الأهداف الصحية من خلال الاستخدام الفعال والكفء للموارد الصحية في ضوء الحقائق الديموغرافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية والسياسية. وقد سخرت كل من الجزائر والأردن العديد من الإمكانيات التنظيمية والبشرية والمالية في سبيل إدارة منظوماتها الصحية، وإصلاحها، وبالتالي تحسين المستوى الصحي للسكان. إلا أن أداءهما والنتائج المحققة اختلف تبعا للخطط والبرامج التي تم انتهاجها، كما أن كلاهما يواجه مجموعة من التحديات التي فرضتها البيئة بما تتضمنه من عوامل طبيعية و ديموغرافية واجتماعية واقتصادية وسياسية. وبالتالي استعانت الدراسة بالمنظور المقارن الذي يعد من الأساليب المفيدة في دراسة مختلف القضايا التي تواجهها النظم الصحية، وعملية إدارتها، ذلك أنه يقدم فرصة للتعلم من مختلف التجارب في مجال الإدارة الصحية، ونماذج تقديم الرعاية الصحية، كما أن له القدرة على تفسير الظواهر محل الدراسة في ظل سياقاتها المتباينة.

Abstract: This study dealt with sectarianism, and the problem of building the national state in Iraq, and Lebanon as a comparative study, and the study aims to provide an academic scientific vision on the dimensions of the sectarian phenomenon, and its repercussions on the course of the national state-building policies in Iraq and, Lebanon, to reach the real reasons behind the Inflaming the sectarian phenomenon in the two countries, in order to come up with solutions to get out of the crisis situation in the two countries under study, in order to build a national state in which the sects coexist naturally. The study also dealt with the nature of sectarianism, the building of the national state in theory, the demands of sects, and the problems they suffer from, and focused on the sectarian formation of both states, and the impact of geographical location on their activities, movements, and aspirations, and on the structure of the political system. And how to gain power, apply consensual democracy, and sectarian quotas, and how they affect the situation in the Iraqi and Lebanese state, not to mention the actors and influencers in the national arena from regional, international, and internal actors, and the relationship that binds them to what is happening. Of disturbances, conflicts, and multiple problems, in addition to the study dealing with the future aspect of the sectarian phenomenon, building the national state in the two countries in question, and developing possible scenarios for what might happen. Through this study, it became clear to us that Iraq and Lebanon are two states whose sectarian mix was the cause of the problems that the state suffers from, with the support of external hands aiming to serve its interests at the expense of the national state’s interest, with the complicity of internal hands that tend to its sub-identity, and the interests of its sectarian affiliation At the expense of its patriotism, and the strength of the state. Résumé : Through this study, it became clea to us that Iraq and Lebanon are two states whose sectarian mix was the cause of the problems that the state suffers from, with the support of external hands aiming to serve its interests at the expense of the national state’s interest, with the complicity of internal hands that tend to its sub-identity, and the interests of its sectarian affiliation At the expense of its patriotism, and the strength of the state.Keywords: sectarianism, the national state, building the national state, Iraq, Lebanon. .

Résumé : Through this study, it became clea to us that Iraq and Lebanon are two states whose sectarian mix was the cause of the problems that the state suffers from, with the support of external hands aiming to serve its interests at the expense of the national state’s interest, with the complicity of internal hands that tend to its sub-identity, and the interests of its sectarian affiliation At the expense of its patriotism, and the strength of the state.Keywords: sectarianism, the national state, building the national state, Iraq, Lebanon. Cetteétudeportait sur le sectarisme, et le problème de la construction de l'État national enIrak et au Libanentantqu'étude comparative, et l'étude vise à fournirune vision scientifiqueacadémique sur les dimensions du phénomènesectaire, et sesrépercussions sur le cours de la politiquesnationalesd'édification de l'ÉtatenIrak et au Liban, pour atteindre les véritables raisons de l'enflammement du phénomènesectairedans les deux pays, afin de proposer des solutions pour sortir de la situation de crisedans les deux pays étudiés, afinconstruire un État national danslequel les sectes coexistent naturellement. L'étude a égalementtraité de la nature du sectarisme, de la construction de l'État national enthéorie, des revendications des sectes et des problèmesdontellessouffrent, et s'estconcentrée sur la formation sectaire des deuxÉtats et l'impact de la situation géographique sur leursactivités. , mouvements et aspirations, et sur la structure du systèmepolitique. Et comment accéder au pouvoir, appliquer la démocratieconsensuelle, et les quotas sectaires, et comment ilsaffectent la situation dansl'Étatirakien et libanais, sans parler des acteurs et influenceursdansl'espace national des acteursrégionaux, internationaux et internes, et la relation qui les lie à ce qui se passe. Des troubles, des conflits et des problèmes multiples, en plus de l'étudeportant sur l'aspectfutur du phénomènesectaire, la construction de la étatdans les deux pays en question, et enélaborant des scénariospossibles de ce qui pourrait arriver.

Grâce à cetteétude, il nous estapparuclairementquel'Irak et le LibansontdeuxÉtatsdont le mélange sectaireétait à l'origine des problèmesdontsouffrel'État, avec le soutien de mains extérieuresvisant à servirsesintérêts au détriment de l'intérêt de l'État national. , avec la complicité de mains internes qui tendent à sa sous-identité, et les intérêts de son appartenancesectaire aux dépens de son patriotisme, et de la force de l'Etat.