Pistacia atlantica والفعاليات بعضى للأكسدة المضادة والفعالية النباتية الكيمياء الدراسة في المساهمة البطم نبات لمستخلصات البيولوجية

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the phytochemical study and biological activities of Pistacia atlantica Desf., an endemic plant in Algeria Saharan, cultivated from the Messed-Djelfa region. Our objective consists of the isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive molecules starting from two polar extracts (EtOAc and n-BuOH) of leaves and fruits of the plant, as well as the in vitro biological activity: antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti- acetylcholinesterase and anticancer. The quantitative analysis of plant extracts was evaluated by using colorimetric methods, the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were recorded in the crude extract of fruits (12.97 ± 0.3 mg GAE/DM), crude extract of leaves (1.388 ± 0.0069 mg QE/DM), and (0.613 ± 0.04 mg CE/DM), respectively. The HPLC-DAD analysis of Ethyl acetate and n-butanolic extracts gives a phenolic profile, in which the major compounds were identified as gallic acid, Epicatechin, and Luteolin. The antioxidant activity in vitro has been studied with three different methods. The results revealed that all of the extracts have a powerful reducing power activity of Fe3+ to Fe2+, a high reducing activity of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) better than BHA and BHT with AEAC values (48.6 ± 0.5 to 3652.285 ± 1.91 mM EAA), and (21.572 ± 0.05 to 2319.238 ± 0.58 mM EAA) respectively. .The IC50 values of inhibition of DPPH ranged from 0.0237 ± 0.0001 to 1.252 ± 0.006 mg/ml. the best DPPH assay was found in the crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (IC50 = 0.0273 ± 0.0001 and 0.0419 ± 0.001 mg/ml respectively), this activity was more effective than BHA and Ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.08 ± 0.002 and 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/ml respectively). The anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation method by egg albumin and bovine serum method, all the extracts exhibited anti-denaturation property in both methods. The in-vitro acetylcholinesterase activity, the EtOAc and n-BuOH of leaves, and n- BuOH fruits extracts showed a moderate inhibition activity compared to a galantamine

drug reference. The anticancer activity against five types of cancer, the extracts, n-BuOH, EtOAc, and CHCl3 of fruits have significant antiproliferative effects, which indicate that this plant was cancer-specific. The phytochemical investigation of EtOAc fruits and n-BuOH of leaves extracts of P. atlantica led to the isolation of 6 compounds, of which 2 flavonoids and a phenolic acid derivative were characterized. Various chromatographic techniques were used in the experiment for identification, isolation, and purification. Its were essentially based on the combination of different chromatographic methods (TLC, CC) using stationary phases such as silica gel, Sephadex, polyamide, and reversed-phase RP C-18. The structural elucidation of the compounds was carried out by spectroscopic analysis data: 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, and APT), 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC, and by comparison with literature data.