Hydrogeochemical synthesis of the aquifer systems in the eastern basin of the northern Sahara

Abstract

This study explores the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Eastern Basin of the Algerian Sahara to assess water quality and identify the main geochemical processes at play. Using a combination of geological and hydrogeological analysis, chemical testing, and stable isotope data (δ¹⁸O and δ²H), the research reveals the influence of geological formations, water-rock interactions, and human activities on groundwater composition. Tools such as Piper diagrams and PHREEQC modeling were employed to classify water types and evaluate mineral saturation. The spatial distribution of major and minor elements highlights both natural and anthropogenic impacts. The findings contribute to a better understanding of groundwater evolution in arid regions and support sustainable water resource management.