Contribution à la récupération d’énergie dans les industries non énergétiques en Algérie.

Abstract

Energy provides an important driver for economic and social development; however, the significant rise in worldwide consumption—over 81% of which in 2023 was met by fossil fuels—has led to increasing pressure on natural resources and the environment. Algeria, as a developing country, is focusing on diversifying its resources and ensuring environmental sustainability through energy and economic policies. This study examines the structural evolution of Algeria's non-energy industries, emphasizing the primary driving factors influencing energy consumption and CO₂ emissions, including industrial scale, activity effect, energy intensity, sectoral structure, and fossil fuel dependency. Using quantitative sectoral data from 2002 to 2021 and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis, the study evaluates the influence of non-energy industries on national energy consumption and their environmental effects. The findings show that industrial activity (scale effect) was the dominant driver, contributing to a 527.93% increase in energy consumption, while energy intensity improvements and structural shifts only modestly offset this growth. Similarly, CO₂ emissions from non-energy industries rose from 25.92 Mt in 2006 to 50.60 Mt in 2021, with industrial scale contributing 26.12 Mt of the total increase. Despite Algeria’s efforts to diversify its energy mix, targeting 27% of electricity from renewables by 2030, the non-energy industrial sector remains challenged by technological inefficiencies, increasing energy intensity, and persistent reliance on fossil fuels (over 51% of energy from natural gas). The results illustrate the imperative for policy reform, technology advancement, and cleaner production methods. This study applies an integrated analytical framework combining plant conversion measures and alternative mitigation scenarios, such as CO₂-to-methanol conversion, which shows potential to reduce up to 60% of industrial CO₂ emissions (approximately 28.18 Mt annually). The analysis assesses the effectiveness of these strategies using quantitative evaluation and scenario modeling, providing insights to guide evidence-based policy decisions that promote sustainable industrial transformation and low-carbon development in Algeria.