دراسة وانجاز نظام متكامل لمعالجة المياه من التحلية الى نزع المعادن مع وضع خطط صيانة دورية

Abstract

The water resources sector in Algeria, as well as worldwide, faces highly complex challenges in meeting growing demands and ensuring the quality of drinking water. Water desalination, particularly groundwater desalination, represents a vital solution for water-scarce regions such as southern Algeria. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a household water desalination unit based on Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology, with a production capacity of 240 liters per day, aimed at providing high-quality potable water.Reverse Osmosis technology was selected due to its high efficiency in removing dissolved salts, suspended impurities, and trace contaminants. The system consists of several treatment stages, including pre-treatment through sediment and activated carbon filtration, followed by the reverse osmosis membrane unit, and finally water storage and distribution. Necessary calculations were performed to determine flow rates, water and energy consumption, and to select appropriate system components.The results demonstrated that the proposed desalination unit is capable of reducing water salinity by more than 95% while significantly improving the physical and chemical characteristics of the treated water. The study also addressed maintenance aspects, including both preventive and corrective maintenance, as essential factors for ensuring continuous and reliable system performance. Furthermore, operational and routine maintenance costs were estimated to evaluate the sustainability of the system.The proposed unit is characterized by ease of installation and operation, low energy consumption, and a compact design suitable for domestic applications. The study concludes that household reverse osmosis desalination systems represent an effective and cost-efficient solution for regions suffering from high water salinity.