Influence of axial thrust on the operation of the turbo-expander

Abstract

This thesis addresses the issue of axial thrust in the turbo-expander, an unbalanced force acting on the rotating shaft due to internal pressure differences. This phenomenon poses a major challenge, affecting the performance and lifespan of the turbine, particularly at the bearing level. The study examines the causes, mechanical effects, and possible technical solutions, such as balancing chambers and symmetrical designs. Numerical simulations were carried out to assess performance under different conditions. The main objective of this study is to improve the reliability and efficiency of the turbo-expander while reducing the risks associated with axial thrust by proposing an additional pump with a separate generator unit, which ensures the lubrication of the turbo-expander.