COOLING-ASSISTED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

Abstract

This study focuses on improving the thermal management of photovoltaic (PV) panels in the hot desert climate of Ouargla, Algeria, where high temperatures significantly reduce electrical efficiency and shorten panel lifespan. A low-cost passive cooling system based on galvanized steel heat sinks mounted on the rear side of the PV panel was investigated using two configurations: vertical and horizontal. Experimental tests were conducted using two identical polycrystalline PV panels. One panel was equipped with heat sinks, while the other served as an uncooled reference panel. Data were collected over six days in May under different weather conditions. The results showed that the vertical configuration provided the best thermal performance, reducing panel temperature by 6 – 9.2°C due to the enhanced chimney effect and improved natural airflow. In contrast, the horizontal configuration achieved a temperature reduction of only 1– 4.4°C. Wind speed also contributed to cooling enhancement, particularly when it exceeded 2.5 m/s. The thermal improvement led to better electrical performance. The vertical configuration increased electrical efficiency by more than 2.2%, whereas the horizontal configuration achieved less than 1.5%. These findings demonstrate that galvanized steel heat sinks offer an effective, economical, and energy-free cooling solution for improving PV performance in desert environments.